The+Forgotten+Prime+Ministers+II+A

=Kim Campbell=

Kim Campbell was the first woman prime minister of Canada. She was only prime minister for four months in 1993. Was she good prime minister ?



What she did?
Avril Phaedra Douglas Campbell (born 1947) is first woman prime minister of Canada and first prime minister born after World War II. She studied about government at Vancouver Community College (1978-81). She started her political career in 1980 to 1984 and as Member of the Legislative Assembly of British Columbia from 1986 to 1988. Campbell was elected to the Canadian House of Commons. Campbell was first elected to the House of Commons in November 1988 as a Conservative. She served as minister of state for Indian Affairs and Northern Development in 1989. As minister of Justice and Attorney General from 1990 to 1992, she introduced reform legislation on a number of issues, including abortion. Prime Minister Brian Mulroney announced his own retirement after she moved to National Defence in January 1993. Then she became the prime minister in January 25, 1993.

Why was she a Prime Minister for short time?
Campbell rode an initial wave of popularity in her first few months as prime minister, but her party's standing began to fall almost as soon as the 1993 campaign began. Campbell's problematic performance in the campaign, her focus on the debt rather than jobs, her verbal stumbling, her refusal to discuss social programs and her inability to distance herself from the extremely unpopular Brian Mulroney, whose government had failed in its promises to increase jobs, renew federalism and lower the public debt, propelled the party from defeat to disaster. Her decision to make fun of Jean Cretien’s physical disability brought people to dislike her even more. She left office after the third-shortest term as prime minister, after Sir Charles Tupper and John Turner. She resigned as Prime Minister on November 4th 1993 because only two Conservatives were elected in all Canada at the election in 1993. Also, Campbell lost to the Liberal candidate.

[|Her decision]

What she did after Prime Minister?
After Prime Minister, Campbell was the Canadian Consul-General in Los Angeles from 1996 to 2000 and Chair of the Council of Women World Leaders (CWWL) from 1999 to 2003. She was Acting President of the Club of Madrid from its founding in 2002 to 2003. She then served as Vice President until January of 2004, when she was named Secretary General.

John Turner
He was //Canadian Prime Minister 1984// but he was Canadian Prime Minister only 3 months.

His life
Turner came to Canada in 1932 and was educated in Ontario schools. After studying at the University of British Columbia, he won a Rhodes scholarship and studied political science and law at Oxford. He then practised law in Britain and was called to the English bar, and later the bars of Quebec and Ontario, being made a QC in 1968. He entered the Canadian House of Commons in 1962 and was a junior minister in Lester Pearson's government and later Attorney-General and Finance Minister under Pierre Trudeau, but left the Trudeau administration in 1975 after a disagreement with the Prime Minister. Subsequently, Turner practised as a corporate lawyer resident in Toronto, avoiding public politics but retaining close personal ties with prominent Liberals.

Why he left
When Trudeau retired Turner succeeded him as leader of the Liberal Party and Prime Minister on 30 June 1984. He inherited a party with vigour and initiative after twenty-one years in office. Trudeau had neglected party organization, preferring to manage political affairs with the aid of a small group of advisers. Candidates had not been chosen for many ridings when Turner called the election, the party's finances were low, and it had no prepared electoral strategy and few new policies upon which to campaign. Twenty-three of the twenty-nine members of Turner's Cabinet were drawn from Trudeau's, which made it difficult for the new prime minister to be seen as inaugurating political change. Alleged abuse of patronage by the Liberals emerged as a leading issue during the election campaign, right up to polling day, 4 September 1984. Turner had promised Trudeau that he would appoint seventeen Liberal MPs who were not standing for re-election to posts on government boards, the judicial bench, or the nominated Senate. Large numbers of voters were outraged by these appointments, which Turner found difficult to justify at the Hustings. It was widely believed that Trudeau, after more than fifteen years in office, had overstayed and overused his powers as prime minister. The Liberals went down to a crushing defeat in the 1984 election, which transformed the recent electoral patterns of Canadian politics.

Why he was a prime minester for short period of time
During the election campaign, he promised to cut taxes to stimulate the economy. But he had to work as a minority government because he failed to work together with other parties like Social Credit or NDP to gain the majority. The Parliament did not resume sitting until October though the election was in May. He was criticized for its inexperience such as in its handling of campaign commitment to moving Canada’s embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. In his budget, in spite of his campaign promise, he proposed an 18 cent per Imperial gallon tax on gas. He was even criticized for his inability to do math because several members of his caucus were away for crucial budget vote. An election was called.

Joe Clark campaigned on the slogan “Real change deserves a fair chance.” But he lost 33 seats to Liberals.

After losing 1980 election
After losing 1980 election, he was still the leader of the opposition. He lost his party leadership to Brian Mulroney in 1983. In 1984 election, Conservative party won and he became Minister of External Affairs in Mulroney government.

He probably earned much more respect in a role as Minister of External Affairs. Some of his accomplishments were 1. Appointment of Stephen Lewis as Canada’s ambassador to UN. 2. Leading the Western response to the 1984-1985 famine in Ethiopia. 3. Taking a strong stand against apartheid and for economic sanctions against South Africa. 4. Taking a strong stand against Nicaraguan intervention. 5. Accepting refugees from El Salvador and Guatemala.

After being Minister of External Affairs, he was President of the Privacy Council and Minister responsible for Constitutional Affairs from 1991 to 1993. He retired from politics in 1993 and took a teaching position at the University of California. But he again became a leader of the Conservative party from 1998 to 2003. He decided not to run for 2004 election.

Joe Clark continues to use his experience in foreign affairs. He was in Washington at the second inauguration of U.S. President George W. Bush. He was teaching classes at the American University in Washington. He is writing opinion editorials to several newspapers in Canada. He is s now a professor of practice for public private sector partnership at McGill Centre for developing area studies as well as serving with the Jimmy Carter Centre, routinely travelling overseas as part of centre’s international observing activities.

Bibliogaphy
[| www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Clark] [| www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_federal_election,_1979] [| www.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_federal_election,_1980] [| www.collectionscanada.ca/2/4/h4-3400-e.html] [| www.craigmariatt.com/canada/government/clark.html] [| www.canadaonline.about.com/cs/primeminister/p/pmjoeclark.htm] [| www.cbc.ca/news/background/cdngovernment/minoritygovernment.html] [| www.speakers.ca/clark_joe.aspx] [| www.archives.cbc.ca/IDC-1-73-2149-13103/people/joe_clark] [| www.cbc.ca/news/background/clark_joe]

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